I) Gandhara-Kunst

a) Bibliographien

Deydier H.: Contribution l'étude de l'art du Gandhâra. Essai de bibliographie analytique et critique des ouvrages parus de 1922 1949. Paris 1950

Guenée P.: Bibliographie analytique des ouvrages parus sur l'art du Gandhâra entre 1950 et 1993. Avec la collaboration de F. Tissot et P. Callieri. Avant-propos de P. Bernard. Paris 1998 (=Mémoires de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres. Nouvelle série, t. XVI)

b) Kataloge (Museen/Ausstellungen)

Ackerman H. C.: Narrative stone reliefs from Gandhâra in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Catalogue and attempt at a stylistic history. Rome 1975 (=IsMEO. Reports and Memoirs, vol. XVII)

Czuma S.: Kushan sculpture: Images from early India. With the assistance of R. Morris (Ausstellungskat., The Cleveland Museum of Art). Cleveland 1985

Errington E. - Cribb J. (ed.): The crossroads of Asia. Transformation and symbol in the art of ancient Afghanistan and Pakistan. (Ausstellungskat.) Ed. by E. Errington and J. Cribb. Cambridge 1992

Grecia e India. L'arte del Gandhâra. (Text v. R. Freschi). (Ausstellungskatalog, Galleria Mandala, Milano). Milano 1994

Ingholt H. - Lyons I.: Gandharan art in Pakistan. New York 1957

Klimburg-Salter D. E.: Buddha in Indien. Die frühindische Skulptur von König Asoka bis zur Guptazeit. Mit einem Aufsatz von M. Taddei (Ausstellungskatalog, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien). Milano, Wien 1995

L'arte del Buddhismo dall'India alla Cina. The art of Buddhism from India to China. (Preface: F. Freschi). (Ausstellungskatalog, Renzo Freschi Oriental Art, Milano). Milano 1999

Russek R.: Buddha zwischen Ost und West. Skulpturen aus Gandhâra/Pakistan. (Ausstellungskatalog, Museum Rietberg). Zürich 1987

Sérinde, terre de Bouddha. Dix siècles d'art sur la Route de la Soie. (Ausstellungskat.) Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, 24 octobre 1995-19 février 1996. Paris 1995

Zwalf W.: A catalogue of the Gandhâra sculpture in the British Museum. Vol. I: Text. Vol. II: Plates. London 1996

c) Übergreifendes

Ahrens D.: Die römischen Grundlagen der Gandharakunst. Münster 1961 (=Orbis Antiquus, H. 20)

Allchin (F.) R. (u.a., ed.): Gandharan art in context. East-West exchanges at the crossroads of Asia. Ed. R. Allchin, B. Allchin, N. Kreitman, E. Errington. New Delhi 1997

Allchin F. R. - Hammond N. (ed.): The archaeology of Afghanistan from earliest times to the Timurid period. Ed. by F. R. Allchin and N. Hammond. London, New York, San Francisco 1978

Alram M. - Klimburg-Salter D. E. (ed.): Coins, art and chronology. Essays on the pre-Islamic history of the Indo-Iranian borderlands. Ed. by M. Alram and D. E. Klimburg-Salter. Wien 1999 (=Denkschr. d. Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., 280. Bd.)

Bachhofer L.: Die frühindische Plastik. (2 Bde.). München 1929

Bachhofer L.: Zur Datierung der Gandhara-Plastik. München-Neubiberg 1925

Boardman J.: Classical art in Eastern translation. Oxford 1993 (=J. L. Myres memorial lecture, 17)

Boardman J.: The diffusion of classical art in antiquity. Princeton, NJ : Princeton Univ. Press, 1994 (=The A. W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts, 42. Bollingen series, 35, 42)

Boardman J.: Classical figures in an Indian landscape. In: Gandharan art in context. East-West exchanges at the crossroads of Asia. Ed. R. Allchin, B. Allchin, N. Kreitman, E. Errington. New Delhi 1997, pp. 1-16

Bussagli M.: L'arte del Gandhâra. Torino 1984

Cimino R. M. (ed.): Ancient Rome and India. Commercial and cultural contacts between the Roman world and India. Ed. by R. M. Cimino. New Delhi 1994

Dani A. H.: Gandhara art of Pakistan. Peshawar 1968 (=University of Peshawar. Archaeological Guide Series, 3)

Doshi S. (ed.): India and Greece. Connections and parallels. Bombay 1985 (Marg Publications)

Foucher A.: L'art gréco-bouddhique du Gandhâra. Étude sur les origines de l'influence classique dans l'art bouddhique de l'Inde et de l'Extrême-Orient. I-II. Paris 1905-1951

Franz H. G.: Buddhistische Kunst Indiens. Leipzig 1965 (=Der indische Kunstkreis in Gesamtschau und Einzeldarstellungen)

Grünwedel A.: Buddhistische Kunst in Indien. 2. Auflage. Berlin, Leipzig 1920

Hallade M.: The Gandhara style and the evolution of Buddhist art. London 1968

Kempers A. J. B.: Die Begegnung der griechisch-römischen Kunst mit dem indischen Kulturkreis. In: Handbuch der Archäologie. 2. Textband. München 1954, pp. 455-482

Klimburg-Salter D. E.: From an art historical perspective: problems of chronology in the Kusâna period. In: Coins, art and chronology. Essays on the pre-Islamic history of the Indo-Iranian borderlands. Ed. by M. Alram and D. E. Klimburg-Salter. (=Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., Phil.-hist. Kl., Denkschr., 280. =Veröff. d. Numismat. Kommission, Bd. 33). Wien 1999, pp. 3-18

Kurita I.: Gandhâran art. I. The Buddha's life story. II. The world of the Buddha. Tokyo 1988-1990

Lohuizen-de Leeuw J. E. van: The 'Scythian' period. An approach to the history, art, epigraphy and palaeography of North India from the 1st century B.C. to the 3rd century A.D. Leiden 1949 (=Orientalia Rheno-Traiectina, vol. 2)

Marshall J.: The Buddhist art of Gandhara. The story of the early school. Its birth, growth and decline. Cambridge 1960 (=Memoirs of the Department of Archaeology in Pakistan, 1)

Morris R.: (Rez.:) H. C. Ackermann, Narrative Stone Reliefs from Gandhâra in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London (...) Rome, 1975 (...). In: Artibus Asiae (Ascona), vol. XLII, 1980, pp. 236-240

Mustamandi Ch.: The impact of Hellenised Bactria on Gandharan art. In: Gandharan art in context. East-West exchanges at the crossroads of Asia. Ed. R. Allchin, B. Allchin, N. Kreitman, E. Errington. New Delhi 1997, pp. 17-27

Nehru L.: Origins of the Gandhâran style. A study of contributory influences. Delhi u.a. 1989

Plaeschke H.: Buddhistische Kunst. Das Erbe Indiens. 2.Aufl. Leipzig 1974

Pugaçenkova G. A.: Iskusstvo Gandchary. Moskva 1982 (=Iz istorii mirovogo iskusstva)

Rhie M. M.: Early Buddhist art of China and Central Asia. Vol. 1. Later Han, Three Kingdoms and Western Chin in China and Bactria to Shan-shan in Central Asia. Leiden, Boston, Köln 1999 (=Handbuch der Orientalistik, 4. Abt., 12. Bd., 1)

Richtsfeld B. J. - Newid M.-A. - Kazuko Ono (ed.): Kunst des Buddhismus entlang der Seidenstraße. (Ausstellungskatalog). Redaktion: B. J. Richtsfeld, M.-A. Newid M.-A., Kazuko Ono. München s.a. (c. 1992)

Rosenfield J. M.: The dynastic arts of the Kushans. Berkeley, Los Angeles 1967

Schlumberger D.: Descendants non-méditerranéens de l'art grec. In: Syria. Revue d'art oriental et d'archéologie (Paris), t. XXXVII, 1960, pp. 131-166; 253-318

Schlumberger D.: Nachkommen der griechischen Kunst außerhalb des Mittelmeerraums. In: Der Hellenismus in Mittelasien. Hrsg. v. F. Altheim u. J. Rehork. (=Wege der Forschung, Bd. XCI). Darmstadt 1969, pp. 281-405

Schlumberger D.: Der hellenisierte Orient. Die griechische und nachgriechische Kunst außerhalb des Mittelmeerraumes. Baden-Baden 1969 (=Kunst der Welt)

Seckel D.: Kunst des Buddhismus. Werden, Wanderung und Wandlung. Baden-Baden 1962 (=Kunst der Welt)

Taddei M.: Indien. (Orig.-ausg. Genf 1970). München 1978 (=Archaeologia Mundi)

Tissot F.: The art of Gandhâra. Buddhist monks' art, on the North-West frontier of Pakistan. Paris 1986

Tissot F.: Gandhâra. Paris 1985

Waldschmidt E.: Gandhara - Kutscha - Turfan. Eine Einführung in die frühmittelalterliche Kunst Zentralasiens. Leipzig 1925

Zwalf W.: The shrines of Gandhara. London 1979

d) Reliquare und Paletten

1. Reliquare

Allchin F. R.: A cruciform reliquary from Shaikhan Dheri. In: Aspects of Indian art. Papers presented in a symposium at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, October, 1970. Ed. by P. Pal. Leiden 1972, pp. 15-26

Carter, M. L.: A reappraisal of the Bîmarân reliquary. In: Gandharan art in context. East-West exchanges at the crossroads of Asia. Ed. R. Allchin, B. Allchin, N. Kreitman, E. Errington. New Delhi 1997, pp. 71-93

Dobbins K. W.: Two Gandhâran reliquaries. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 18, no. 1-2, 1968, pp. 151-161

Kuwayama Sh.: Two bronze Stupa models from Northern Pakistan. In: South Asian Archaeology 1989. Ed. by C. Jarrige. (=Monographs in World Archaeology, 14). Madison 1992, pp. 403-406

Sherrier J.: An important relic stûpa with four free-standing figures. In: South Asian Archaeology 1981. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of the Association of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe. Held in Cambridge University 5-10 July 1981. Ed. by B. Allchin. Cambridge 1984, pp. 254-256

2. Paletten

Dar S. R.: Toilet trays from Gandhara and beginning of Hellenism in Pakistan. In: Journal of Central Asia, vol. II, no. 2, 1979, pp. 141-184

Francfort H.-P.: Les palettes du Gandhâra. Paris 1979 (=Mémoires de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan, t. XXII)

Francfort H.-P.: Les modèles gréco-bactriens de quelques reliquaires et palettes à fards 'gréco-bouddhiques'. In: Arts Asiatiques (Paris), t. XXXII, 1976, pp. 91-98

Taddei M.: A problematical toilet-tray from Udegrâm. In: East and West, vol. 16, no. 1-2, 1966, pp. 89-93

e) Glyptik

Callieri P.: Seals and sealings from the North-West of the Indian subcontinent and Afghanistan (4th century BC-11th century AD). Local, Indian, Sasanian, Graeco-Persian, Sogdian, Roman. With contr. by E. Errington, R. Garbini, Ph. Gignoux, N. Sims-Williams, W. Zwalf. Naples 1997 (=Istituto Universitario Orientale. Dissertationes, I)


zum Anfang

II) Wichtige Fundorte (inkl. angrenzende Regionen)

a) Regionale Übersichten

Ball W.: Archaeological gazetteer of Afghanistan. Catalogue des sites archéologiques d'Afghanistan. Tome 1-2. Paris 1982 (=Synthèse, no. 8)

Callieri P. (ed.): Italian Archaeological Mission, (IsMEO) - Pakistan, Swat, 1956-1981. Documentary exhibition. (Ausstellungskatalog). Ed. P. Callieri. Roma 1982

Deydier H.: Contribution l'étude de l'art du Gandhâra. Essai de bibliographie analytique et critique des ouvrages parus de 1922 1949. Paris 1950

Ghosh A. (ed.): An encyclopaedia of Indian archaeology. Edited by A. Ghosh. Vol. 1-2. New Delhi 1989

Staviskij B. Ja. (u.a.): Sovetskaja archeologija Srednej Azii i kušanskaja problema. Annotirovannaja bibliografija. 1-2. Moskva 1968

Staviskij B. Ja.: Sud'by buddizma v Srednej Azii. Po dannym archeologii. Moskva 1998 (=Kul'tura narodov Vostoka)

b) Wichtige Einzelorte

1. Pakistan

Butkara I

Faccenna D.: Sculptures from the sacred area of Butkara I (Swât, W. Pakistan).(Descriptive catalogue by M. Taddei). Roma 1962-1964 (=IsMEO Reports and Memoirs, II, 2-3)

Faccenna D.: Butkara I (Swât, Pakistan) 1956-1962. Roma 1980-1981 (=IsMEO Reports and Memoirs, III, 1-5.2)

Butkara III

Rahman A.: Butkara III: a preliminary report. In: South Asian Archaeology 1987. Ed. by M. Taddei, P. Callieri. (=IsMEO, Serie Orientale Roma, vol. LXVI). Rome, part 2, 1990, pp. 693-706

Charsada

Dani A. H.: Pushkalavati - The Lotus City. Peshawar 1963 (=Peshawar University, Archaeological Guide Series, 1)

Dittmann R.: Problems in the identification of an Achaemenian and Mauryan horizon in North-East Pakistan. In: Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran. Neue Folge (Berlin), 17, 1984, pp. 155-193

Marshall J. H. - Vogel J. Ph.: Excavations at Chârsada in the Frontier Province. In: Archaeological Survey of India. Annual Report 1902-3. Calcutta 1904, pp. 141-184

Vogelsang W.: A period of acculturation in ancient Gandhara. In: South Asian Studies (London), vol. 4, 1988, pp. 103-113

Wheeler M.: Chârsada. A metropolis of the North-West Frontier. Being a report on the excavations of 1958. London 1962

Garh Mauryam

Qamar M. S.: Excavations at Garh Mauryan, Hazara District. In: Journal of Central Asia, vol. XIII, no. 1, 1990, pp. 95-154

Karakorum-Orte

Carter M. L.: Petroglyphs at Chilas II: Evidence for a pre-iconic phase of Buddhist art in Gandhara. In: South Asian Archaeology 1991. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference of the Association of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe, held in Berlin 1-5 July 1991. Ed. by A. J. Gail and G. J. R. Mevissen. Stuttgart 1993, pp. 349-366

Dani A. H.: Chilas. The city of Nanga Parvat (Dyamar). Islamabad 1983

Jettmar K. - König D. - Thewalt V. (ed.): Antiquities of Northern Pakistan. Reports and studies. Vol. 1. Ed. by K. Jettmar in coll. with D. König a. V. Thewalt. Mainz 1989

Jettmar K. - Thewalt V.: Zwischen Gandhara und den Seidenstraßen. Felsbilder am Karakorum Highway. Entdeckungen deutsch-pakistanischer Expeditionen 1979-1984 (Ausstellungskatalog). Mainz 1985

Thewalt V.: Jataka-Darstellungen bei Chilas und Shatial am Indus. In: Ethnologie und Geschichte. Festschrift für Karl Jettmar. Hrsg. v. P. Snoy. (=Beiträge zur Südasien-Forschung, 86). Wiesbaden 1983, pp. 622-635

Thewalt V.: Rockcarvings and inscriptions along the Indus. The Buddhist tradition. In: South Asian Archaeology 1983. Ed. by J. Schotsmans and M. Taddei. (=Istituto Universitario Orientale. Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici. Series Minor, 23). Naples 1985, pp. 779-800

Panr

Faccenna D. Khan A. N. - Nadiem I. H.: Pânr (Swât, Pakistan). Roma 1993 (=IsMEO. Reports and Memoirs, XXVI.1)

Sahri Bahlol

Errington E.: In search of Pa-lu-sha, a city of the central Gandhâra plain. In: Bulletin of the Asia Institute. New Series, 7, 1993, pp. 55-66

Spooner D. B.: Excavations at Sahribahlol. In: Archaeological Survey of India. Annual Report 1906-7. Calcutta 1909, pp. 102- 118

Stein A.: Excavations at Sahri-Bahl l. In: Archaeological Survey of India. Annual Report 1911-12. Calcutta 1915, pp. 95-119

Tissot F.: The site of Sahri-Bahlol in Gandhara. In: South Asian Archaeology 1983. Ed. by J. Schotsmans and M. Taddei. (=Istituto Universitario Orientale. Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici. Series Minor, 23). Naples 1985, pp. 567-614

Tissot F.: The site of Shahri-Bahlol in Gandhara, Pakistan: Further investigations. In: South Asian Archaeology 1985. Ed. by K. Frifelt and P. Sørensen. (=Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies, Occasional Papers, 4). London, Riverdale 1989, pp. 417-425

Tissot F.: The site of Sahrî-Bâhlol in Gandhâra (part III). In: South Asian Archaeology 1987. Ed. by M. Taddei, P. Callieri. (=IsMEO, Serie Orientale Roma, vol. LXVI). Rome, part 2, 1990, pp. 737-764

Tissot F.: Sahrî-bâhlol (part IV). In: South Asian Archaeology 1993 (...). Edited by A. Parpola and P. Koskikallio. (=Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, ser. B, tom. 271). Helsinki, vol. II, 1994, pp. 733-744

Saidu Sharif I

Callieri P.: Saidu Sharif I (Swat, Pakistan). 1. The Buddhist sacred area. The monastery. Roma 1989 (=IsMEO Reports and Memoirs, XXIII, 1)

Faccenna D.: Lo stûpa acolonne dell'area sacra buddhistica di Saidu Sharîf I (Swât, Pakistan). In: Orient und Occident im Spiegel der Kunst. Festschrift Heinrich Gerhard Franz zum 70. Geburtstag. Hrsg. v. G. Brucher (u.a.). (=Forschungen u. Berichte d. Instituts f. Kunstgeschichte d. Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, VII). Graz 1986, pp. 55-80, 505-518

Shah-ji-ki-dheri

Kuwayama S.: A hidden import from imperial Rome manifest in stupas. In: Gandharan art in context. East-West exchanges at the crossroads of Asia. Ed. R. Allchin, B. Allchin, N. Kreitman, E. Errington. New Delhi 1997, pp. 119-171

Kuwayama S.: The main stûpa of Shâh-jî-kî-Dhêrî. A chronological outlook. Kyoto 1997 (=Report of the research project on the formation of Gandhara Buddhist monasteries carried out between 1992 and 1997 under the auspices of the Asian Archaeology Section of the Kyoto University Institute for Research in Humanities, no. 1)

Spooner D. B.: Excavations at Shâh-jî-kî-Dhêrî. In: Archaeological Survey of India. Annual Report 1908-9. Calcutta 1912, pp. 38-59

Shna-Sha

Qamar M. S. - Khan M. A.: Preliminary report on the archaeological excavations of Buddhist sites in Swat N.W.F.P. 1989-90. In: Journal of Central Asia, vol. XIV, no. 2, 1991, pp. 173-234

Shpola

Ayar V. N.: Shpola Stûpa, Khyber. In: Archaeological Survey of India. Annual Report 1915-16. Calcutta 1918, pp. 115-116

Sikri

Foucher A.: Les bas-reliefs du st pa de Sikri (Gandhâra). In: Journal Asiatique, sér. 10, II, 1903, pp. 185-330

Takht-i-Bahai

Spooner D. B.: Excavations at Takht-i-Bâhî. In: Archaeological Survey of India. Annual Report 1907-08. Calcutta 1911, pp. 132-148

Taxila

Dani A. H.: The historic city of Taxila. Paris, Tokyo 1986

Dar S. R.: Taxila and the classical world. In: Journal of Central Asia, vol. VI, no. 1, 1983, pp. 113-139

Dar S. R.: A fresh study of four unique temples at Takshasila (Taxila). In: Journal of Central Asia, vol. III, no. 1, 1980, pp. 91- 137

Erdosy G.: Taxila: political history and urban structure. In: South Asian Archaeology 1987. Ed. by M. Taddei, P. Callieri. (=IsMEO, Serie Orientale Roma, vol. LXVI). Rome, part 2, 1990, pp. 657-674

Marshall J.: (Marshall Sir J.): Taxila. An illustrated account of archaeological excavations carried out at Taxila under the orders of the Government of India between the years 1913 and 1934. Vol. I-III (Repr., Orig.: Cambridge 1951). Delhi, Patna, Varanasi 1975

Marshall J.: A guide to Taxila. 4th ed. Cambridge 1960

2. Afghanistan

Bagh-gai

Barthoux J.: (Barthoux M.): Bagh-Gai. In: Revue des Arts Asiatiques (Paris), t. V, no. 2, 1928, pp. 77-81

Balkh/Top-e Rostam

Foucher A.: La vieille route de l'Inde de Bactres à Taxila. Avec la collaboration de E. Bazin-Foucher. Vol. I-II. Paris 1942 (I), 1947 (II) (=Mémoires de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan, t. I)

Begram

Dagens B.: Fragments de sculpture inédits. In: B. Dagens - M. Le Berre - D. Schlumberger: Monuments préislamiques d'Afghanistan. (=Mémoires de la Délég. Arcgéol. Franç. en Afghan., t. XIX). Paris 1964, pp. 9-39

Ghirshman R.: Bégram. Recherches archéologiques et historiques sur les Kouchans. Le Caire 1946 (=Mémoires de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan, t. XII)

Hackin J.: Nouvelles recherches archéologiques à Begram (ancienne Kâpicî) (1939-1940). (I:) Texte. (II:) Planches. Paris 1954 (=Mémoires de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan)

Kuwayama Sh.: The horizon of Begram III and beyond. A chronological interpretation of the evidence for monuments in the Kâpisî-Kabul-Ghazni region. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 41, 1991, pp. 79-120

Menninger M.: Untersuchungen zu den Gläsern und Gipsabgüssen aus dem Fund von Begram, Afghanistan. Würzburg 1996 (=Würzburger Forschungen zur Altertumskunde, Bd. I)

Chakri Minar/Minar-i-Chakri

Ball W. - McNicoll A. W. - Rao G. K.: The Minar-i Chakari: report on the Society's preservation work. In: South Asian Studies (London), vol. 6, 1990, pp. 229-239

Franz H. G.: Das Chakri Minar als buddhistische Kultsäule. In: Afghanistan Journal (Graz), Jg. 5, H. 3, 1978, pp. 101

Irwin J.: Die Kultsäule 'Minar-i Chakri' und ihre vergessene Bedeutung. In: Aus dem Osten des Alexanderreiches. Völker und Kulturen zwischen Orient und Okzident - Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Indien. (Festschrift zum 65. Geburtstag von Klaus Fischer). Hrsg. v. J. Ozols u. V. Thewalt. Köln 1984, pp. 181-193

Guldara

Fussman G. - Le Berre M.: Monuments boudhiques de la région de Caboul. I. Le monastère de Gul Dara. Paris 1976 (=Mémoires de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan, t. XXII)

Lézine A.: Trois stupa de la région de Caboul. In: Artibus Asiae (Ascona), vol. XXVII, 1964, pp. 5-24

Rao G. K. - Pinder-Wilson R. - Ball W.: The stupa and monastery at Guldarra: report on the British Institute's preservation programme. In: South Asian Studies (London), vol. 1, 1985, pp. 79-88

Hadda

Barthoux J.: Les fouilles de Hadda. I. Stupas et sites, textes et dessins. Paris 1933 (=Mémoires de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan, t. IV)

Barthoux J.: Les fouilles de Hadda. III. Figures et figurines, album photographique. Paris 1930 (=Mémoires de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan, t. VI)

Dagens B.: Fragments de sculpture inédits. In: B. Dagens - M. Le Berre - D. Schlumberger: Monuments préislamiques d'Afghanistan. (=Mémoires de la Délég. Arcgéol. Franç. en Afghan., t. XIX). Paris 1964, pp. 9-39

Hackin J.: Les fouilles de la Délégation Archéologique Française à Hadda (Afghanistan), missions Foucher - Godard - Barthoux (1923-1928). In: Revue des Arts Asiatiques (Paris), t. V, no. 2, 1928, pp. 66-76

Mostamindi Sh. - Mostamindi M.: Nouvelles fouilles à Hadda (1966-1967) par l'Institut Afghan d'Archéologie. In: Arts Asiatiques (Paris), t. XIX, 1969, pp. 15-36

Tarzi Z.: Hadda à la lumière des trois dernières campagnes de fouilles de Tapa-é-Shotor (1974-1976). In: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres. Comptes rendus des séances (Paris), 1976, 1976, pp. 381-410

Tarzi Z.: Tapa-e-Top-e-Kalân (TTK) of Hadda. In: South Asian Archaeology 1987. Ed. by M. Taddei, P. Callieri. (=IsMEO, Serie Orientale Roma, vol. LXVI). Rome, part 2, 1990, pp. 707-726

Kandahar

Fischer K.: Kandahar in Arachosien. In: Wiss. Zeitschr. d. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Ges.-Sprachw. R. (Halle/Saale), Bd. VII, Nr. 6, 1958, pp. 1151-1164

Fussman G.: Notes sur la topographie de l'ancienne Kandahar. In: Arts Asiatiques (Paris), t. XIII, 1966, pp. 33-57

Kunduz

Fischer K.: Gandhâran sculpture from Kunduz and environs. In: Artibus Asiae, vol. XXI, 1958, pp. 231-251

Paitava

Cambon P.: Fouilles anciennes en Afghanistan (1924-1925). Païtâvâ, Karratcha. In: Arts Asiatiques (Paris), t. 51, 1996, pp. 13-28

Qarabag-e Ghazni

Verardi G.: Notes on Afghan archaeology, I. A Gandharan relief from Qarabâg-e Gaznî. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 25, no. 3-4, 1975, pp. 287-290

Sardar, Tepe

Taddei M.: Tapa Sardâr. First preliminary report. In: East and West, vol. 18, no. 1-2, 1968, pp. 109-124

Taddei M. - Verardi G.: Tapa Sardâr. Second preliminary report. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 28, 1978, pp. 33-135

Verardi G.: Gandharan imagery at Tapa Sardâr. In: South Asian Archaeology 1981. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of the Association of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe. Held in Cambridge University 5-10 July 1981. Ed. by B. Allchin. Cambridge 1984, pp. 257-262

Shotorak

Meunié J.: Shotorak. Paris 1942 (=Mémoires de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan, t. X)

Surkh Kotal

Schlumberger D. - Le Berre M. - Fussman G.: Surkh Kotal en Bactriane. Volume I. Les temples: architecture, sculpture, inscriptions. (2 Bde.). Paris 1983 (=Mémoires de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan, t. XXV)

Wardak

Fussman G.: Ruines de la vallée de Wardak. In: Arts Asiatiques (Paris), t. XXX, 1974, pp. 65-130

3. Indien

Mathura

Agrawala P. K.: Mathura railing pillars. Varanasi 1966 (=Indian Civilisation Series, 6)

Agrawala V. S.: Masterpieces of Mathura sculpture. Varanasi 1965

Czuma S.: Kushan sculpture: Images from early India. With the assistance of R. Morris (Ausstellungskatalog, The Cleveland Museum of Art). Cleveland 1985

Joshi N. P.: Mathura sculptures (A hand book to appreciate sculptures in the Archaeological Museum, Mathura). Mathura 1966

Kreisel G.: Die Siva-Bildwerke der Mathura-Kunst. Ein Beitrag zur frühhinduistischen Ikonographie. Stuttgart 1986 (=Monographien zur Indischen Archäologie, Kunst und Philologie, 5)

Mode Heinz: Mathura. Metropole altindischer Steinskulptur. Leipzig, Weimar 1986

Rosenfield J. M.: The dynastic arts of the Kushans. Berkeley, Los Angeles 1967

Sharma R. C.: Buddhist art. Mathura school. New Delhi (u.a.) 1995

Srinivasan D. M. (ed.): Mathurâ. The cultural heritage. General editor: D. M. Srinivasan. New Delhi 1989

Staviskij B. Ja.: Dinastijnoe svjatilišçe v sel. Mat i buddijskie pamjatniki Termeza (O dvuch chudozhestvennych teçenijach v iskusstve Kušanskoj imperii). In: Drevnjaja Indija. Istoriko-kul'turnye svjazi. Otv. red. G. M. Bongard-Levin. Moskva 1982, pp. 319-326

Vogel J. Ph.: Explorations at Mathurâ. In: Archaeological Survey of India. Annual Report (Calcutta), 1911-1912, 1914, pp. 120-133

Vogel J. Ph.: La sculpture de Mathurâ. Paris, Bruxelles 1930 (=Ars Asiatica)

Vogel J. Ph.: Catalogue of the Archaeological Museum at Mathura. Allahabad 1910

Sanghol

Gupta S. P.: Sanghol: The meeting place of works of art of Gandhara and Mathura schools. In: Investigating Indian art. Proceedings of a symposium on the development of early Buddhist and Hindu iconography held at the Museum of Indian Art Berlin in may 1986. (=Veröff. d. Museums f. Indische Kunst Berlin, 8). Berlin 1987, pp. 89-104

Gupta S. P. (ed.): Kushana sculptures from Sanghol (1st-2nd century A.D.). A recent discovery. Vol. 1. Edited by S. P. Gupta (Ausstellungskatalog). New Delhi 1985

Sonkh

Härtel H.: Excavations at Sonkh. 2500 years of a town in Mathura district. Berlin 1993

4. Uzbekistan/Tadzhikistan

Ajrtam

Lo Muzio C.: On the musicians of the Airtam capitals. In: In the land of the gryphons. Papers on Central Asian archaeology in antiquity. Ed. by A. Invernizzi. Firenze 1995, pp. 239-257

Turgunov B. A.: Novye nachodki iz Ajrtama. In: Gorodskaja kul'tura Baktrii-Tocharistana i Sogda. Antiçnost', rannee srednevekov'e. Materialy sovetsko-francuzskogo kollokviuma (Samarkand, 1986). Red. kollegija: G. A. Pugaçenkova (u. a.) Taškent 1987, pp. 144-147

Chalçajan

Pugaçenkova G. A.: Chalçajan. K probleme chudozhestvennoj kul'ture Severnoj Baktrii. Taškent 1966

Pugaçenkova G. A.: Skul'ptura Chalçajana. Moskva 1971

Pugaçenkova G. A.: Ešçe o chalçajanskoj skul'pture. In: Central'naja Azija. Novye pamjatniki pis'mennosti i iskusstva. Sbornik statej. Otv. redaktory: B. B. Piotrovskij, G. M. Bongard-Levin. Moskva 1987, pp. 253-267

Dalverzin-tepa

Pugaçenkova G. A.: (Pougachenkova G.): Les trésors de Dalverzine-tépé. Leningrad 1978

Rempel' L. I. (ed.): Dal'verzintepe. Kušanskij gorod na juge Uzbelistana. Otv. redaktor L. I. Rempel'. Taškent 1978

Silvi Antonini C.: The Dalverzin temple. In: In the land of the gryphons. Papers on Central Asian archaeology in antiquity. Ed. by A. Invernizzi. Firenze 1995, pp. 259-268

Turgunov B. A.: Excavations of a Buddhist temple at Dal'verzin-tepe. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 42, 1992, pp. 131-153

Turgunov B. A.: Raskopki vtorogo buddijskogo chrama na Dal'verzintepe (predvaritel'noe soobšçenie). In: Antiçnye i rannesrednevekovye drevnosti Juzhnogo Uzbekistana. V svete novych otkrytij Uzbekistanskoj iskusstvovedçeskoj ekspedicii. Otv. redaktor: G. A. Pugaçenkova. Taškent 1989, pp. 81-95

Fajaz-tepa

Al'baum L. I.: Raskopki buddijskogo kompleksa Fajaz-Tepe. In: Drevnjaja Baktrija. Predvaritel'nye soobšçenija ob archeologiçeskich rabotach na juge Uzbekistana. Otv. red. V. M. Masson. Leningrad 1974, pp. 53-58

Al'baum L. I.: Issledovanie Fajaz-Tepe v 1973 g. In: Baktrijskie drevnosti. Predvaritel'nye soobšçenija ob archeologiçeskich rabotach na juge Uzbekistana. Otv. red. V. M. Masson. Leningrad 1976, pp. 43-45

Kara-tepa

(Hauptveröffentlichungen:)
Grek T. V. - Pçelina E. G. - Staviskij B. Ja.: Kara-tepe - buddijskij pešçernyj monastyr' v Starom Termeze. Osnovnye itogi rabot 1937, 1961-1962 gg. i indijskie nadpisi na keramike. Moskva 1964 (=Materialy Sovmestnoj archeologiçeskoj ekspedicii na Kara-tepe, (1))

Staviskij B. Ja. (ed.): Buddijskie pešçery Kara-Tepe v Starom Termeze. Osnovnye itogi rabot 1963-1964 gg. Nadpisi, terrakoty, kamennye rel'efy. Redaktor: B. Ja. Staviskij. Moskva 1969 (=Materialy Sovmestnoj archeologiçeskoj ekspedicii na Kara-tepe, (2))

Staviskij B. Ja. (ed.): Buddijskij kul'tovyj centr Kara-tepe v Starom Termeze. Otv. red. B. Ja. Staviskij. Moskva 1972 (=Materialy Sovmestnoj archeologiçeskoj ekspedicii na Kara-tepe, (3))

Staviskij B. Ja. (ed.): Novye nachodki na Kara-tepe v Starom Termeze. Osnovnye itogi rabot 1972-1973 gg. Otv. red. B. Ja. Staviskij. Moskva 1975 (=Materialy Sovmestnoj archeologiçeskoj ekspedicii na Kara-tepe, (4))

Staviskij B. Ja. (ed.): Buddijskie pamjatniki Kara-tepe v Starom Termeze. Osnovnye itogi rabot 1974-1977 gg. Otv. red. B. Ja. Staviskij. Moskva 1982 (=Materialy Sovmestnoj archeologiçeskoj ekspedicii na Kara-tepe, (5))

Staviskij B. Ja. (ed.): Buddijskie kompleksy Kara-tepe v Starom Termeze. Osnovnye itogi rabot 1978-1989 gg. Moskva 1996 (=Materialy Sovmestnoj archeologiçeskoj ekspedicii na Kara-tepe, (6))

(Ferner:)
Mkrtychev T. K.: Monumental sculpture of Kara-Tepe: Certain aspects of studying materials from complexes of south hill. In: Silk Road Art and Archaeology (Kamakura), 5, 1997/98, pp. 179-189

Staviskij B. Ja.: Novaja kamennaja kapitel' iz Kara-tepe v Starom Termeze. In: Drevnij Vostok i mirovaja kul'tura. Otv. red. I. M. D'jakonov. Moskva 1981, pp. 125-127, 180

Staviskij B. Ja. - Kozlovskij V. A.: L'vinaja kapitel' iz Starogo Termeza. In: Kul'turnoe nasledie Vostoka. Otv. red. Ju. V. Bromlej. Leningrad 1985, pp. 190-197

Staviskij B. Ja.: (Stawiskij B.): Kara Tepe in Old Termez. A Buddhist religious centre of the Kushan period on the bank of the Oxus. In: From Hecataeus to al-Huwârizmî. Ed. by J. Harmatta. (=Collection of the sources for the history of pre-Islamic Central Asia, ser. I, vol. III). Budapest 1984, pp. 95-135

Stavisky B.: Bactria and Gandhara: The old problem reconsidered in the light of archaeological data from Old Termez. In: Gandharan art in context. East-West exchanges at the crossroads of Asia. Ed. R. Allchin, B. Allchin, N. Kreitman, E. Errington. New Delhi 1997, pp. 29-53

Zeymal T. I.: On the chronology of the Buddhist site of Kara-Tepe. In: Coins, art and chronology. Essays on the pre-Islamic history of the Indo-Iranian borderlands. Ed. by M. Alram and D. E. Klimburg-Salter. (=Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., Phil.-hist. Kl., Denkschr., 280. =Veröff. d. Numismat. Kommission, Bd. 33). Wien 1999, pp. 413-421

Merv

Pugaçenkova G. A. - Usmanova V.: Buddhist monuments in Merv. In: In the land of the gryphons. Papers on Central Asian archaeology in antiquity. Ed. by A. Invernizzi. Firenze 1995, pp. 51-81

šachrinau

Muchtarov A.: Novye nachodki kamennych kapitelej kušanskogo vremeni iz achrinau (Juzhnyj Tadzhikistan). In: Izvestija Akademii Nauk Tadzhikskoj SSR. Otdelenie obšçestvennych nauk (Dušanbe), no. 3 (53), 1968, pp. 41

Tachti Sangin

Bernard P.: Le temple du dieu Oxus à Takht-i Sangin en Bactriane: temple du feu ou pas? In: Studia Iranica (Louvain), t. 23, fasc. 1, 1994, pp. 81-121

Koch H.: Feuertempel oder Verwaltungszentrale? Überlegungen zu den Grabungen in Takht-e Sangin am Oxos. In: Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran. Neue Folge (Berlin), 26, 1993, pp. 175-186

Litvinskij B. A. - Piçikjan I. R.: Pantherae antesedentes. A Corinthian motif in Bactria. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 42, 1992, pp. 69-84

Litvinskij B. A. - Piçikjan I. R.: Kušanskie eroty (Odin iz aspektov antiçnogo vlijanija na central'noaziatskuju kul'turu). In: Vestnik drevnej istorii (Moskva), 2 (148), 1979, pp. 89-109

Litvinskij B. A. - Piçikjan I. R.: (Litvinskij B. A. - Piçikian I. R.): River-deities of Greece salute the god of the river Oxus-Vakhsh. Achelous and the hippocampess. In: In the land of the gryphons. Papers on Central Asian archaeology in antiquity. Ed. by A. Invernizzi. Firenze 1995, pp. 129-149

Litvinskij B. A. - Piçikjan I. R.: (Litvinskiy B. A. - Pichikyan I. R.): Monuments of art from the sanctuary of Oxus (North Bactria). In: Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae (Budapest), t. XXVII, 1983, pp. 25-83

Litvinskij B. A. - Piçikjan I. R.: (Litvinskij B. A. - Piçikian I. R.): An Achaemenian griffin-handle from the temple of the Oxus. The makhaira in northern Bactria. In: In the land of the gryphons. Papers on Central Asian archaeology in antiquity. Ed. by A. Invernizzi. Firenze 1995, pp. 107-128

Litvinskij B. A. - Piçikjan I. R.: (Litvinskii B. A. - Pichikian I. R.): The Hellenistic architecture and art of the Temple of the Oxus. In: Bulletin of the Asia Institute. New Series, vol. 8, 1994, pp. 47-66

Oxus. 2000 Jahre Kunst am Oxus-Fluß in Mittelasien. (Ausstellungskatalog, Museum Rietberg). Zürich 1989

Piçikjan I. R.: Aleksandr-Gerakl (greko-baktrijskij portret velikogo polkovodca). In: Sovetskaja archeologija (Moskva), 1, 1983, pp. 80-90

Piçikjan I. R.: (Pitschikjan I. R.): Oxos-Schatz und Oxos-Tempel. Achämenidische Kunst in Mittelasien. Berlin 1992 (=Antike in der Moderne)

Zejmal' E. V. (ed.): Drevnosti Tadzhikistana. (Ausstellungskatalog). Otv. redaktor: E. V. Zejmal'. Dušanbe 1985

Zejmal' E. V.: (Zeymal E. V.): Coins from the excavations of Takht-i Sangin (1976-1991). In: Studies in Silk Road coins and culture. Papers in honour of Ikuo Hirayama on his 65th birthday. Ed. by K. Tanabe, J. Cribb, H. Wang. (=Silk Road art and archaeology, special vol.). Kamakura 1997, pp. 89-110


zum Anfang

III) Buddhistische Architektur

a) Allgemein

Auboyer J. - Enault J.-F.: La vie publique et privée dans l'Inde ancienne (IIe siècle av.J.-C. - VIIIe siècle environ). Fasc. I (Première partie). L'architecture civile et religieuse. Paris 1969 (=Publications du Musée Guimet. Recherches et documents d'art et d'archéologie, t. VI)

Fergusson J.: History of Indian and Eastern architecture. Revised and edited, with additions (...) by J. Burgess (and) R. P. Spiers. (Repr.; 1.Ausg. 1876; revised ed. 1910). 2 Bde. Delhi 1967

Fischer K.: Dächer, Decken und Gewölbe indischer Kultstätten und Nutzbauten. Wiesbaden 1974

Fischer K. - Jansen M. - Pieper J.: Architektur des Indischen Subkontinents. Darmstadt 1987

Franz H. G.: Von Gandhara bis Pagan. Kultbauten des Buddhismus und Hinduismus in Süd- und Zentralasien. Graz 1979

Franz H. G.: Ambulatory temples in Buddhism and Hinduism. In: South Asian Archaeology 1979. Ed. by H. Härtel. Berlin 1981, pp. 449-458

Franz H. G.: The origins of the tower-temple in India. In: South Asian Archaeology 1981. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of the Association of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe. Held in Cambridge University 5-10 July 1981. Ed. by B. Allchin. Cambridge 1984, pp. 280-284

Sarkar H.: Studies in early Buddhist architecture of India. New Delhi 1966

Silva R.: Religious architecture in early and medieval Sri Lanka. Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden. (Leiden) 1988

b) Stupa

Bénisti M.: Étude sur le stupa dans l'Inde ancienne. In: Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême- Orient, t. L, 1960, pp. 37-146

Dallapiccola A. L. -Lallemant S. Z. (Ed.): The Stûpa. Ist religious, historical, architectural significance. Wiesbaden 1980 (=Beiträge zur Südasienforschung, Bd. 55)

De Marco G.: The stûpa as a funerary monument. New iconographical evidence. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 37, 1987, pp. 191-246

Kottkamp H.: Zur Erforschung der Symbolik des buddhistischen stûpa. In: Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Bd. 83, 1988, pp. 517-525

Pant S.: The origin and development of Stûpa architecture in India. Varanasi 1976 (=Bharata Manisha Research Series, 8)

c) Säulen und Kapitelle

Franz H. G.: Die buddhistische Kultsäule. In: Kunsthistorisches Jahrbuch Graz, 13, 1978, pp. 141-156

Irwin J.: The true chronology of Asokan pillars. In: Artibus Asiae (Ascona), vol. XLIV, 1983, pp. 247-265

Irwin J.: Buddhism and the cosmic pillar. In: Orientalia Iosephi Tucci memoriae dicata. Ed. cur. G. Gnoli, L. Lanciotti. (=IsMEO, Serie Orientale Roma, LVI:1-3). Roma, vol. 2, 1987, pp. 635-660

Plaeschke H. - Plaeschke I.: Die indische Lotossäule in der Gandhâra-Schule. In: Wiss. Zeitschr. d. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Ges.-Sprachw. R. (Halle/Saale), XXXVII, H. 3, 1988, pp. 52-65

Sohrmann J.: Die altindische Säule. Ein Beitrag zur Säulenkunde. Von der Königlich Sächsischen Technischen Hochschule zu Dresden (...) genehmigte Dissertation. Dresden 1906

Staviskij B. Ja.: (Stavisky B.): The capitals of ancient Bactria. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 23, 1974, pp. 265-277

Staviskij B. Ja.: Kapiteli drevnej Baktrii. In: Sovetskaja archeologija (Moskva), 2, 1972, pp. 41-50

Thewalt V.: Stützelemente und ihr Schmuck in der Architektur der Kusâna-Zeit. Inaugural-Dissertation (...) Universität (...) Bonn. Bonn 1982

d) Buddhistische Felsanlagen

Burgess J.: Report on the Buddhist cave temples and their inscriptions. Being part of the results of the fourth, fifth, and sixth seasons' operations of the Archaeological Survey of Western India - 1876-77, 1877-78, 1878-79. (Reprint; Orig.: 1881). Varanasi 1964 (=Archaeological Survey of Western India, vol. 4)

Dehejia V.: Early Buddhist rock temples. A chronological study. London 1972 (=Studies in ancient art and archaeology)

Gupte R. S. - Mahajan B. D.: Ajanta, Ellora and Aurangabad Caves. Bombay 1962

Hackin J.: Nouvelles recherches archéologiques à Bâmiyân. Avec la collaboration de J. Carl. Paris 1933 (=Mémoires de la Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan, t. III)

Klimburg-Salter D. E.: (Klimburg-Salter D.): The kingdom of Bâmiyân. Buddhist art and culture of the Hindu Kush. Naples, Rome 1989 (=Istituto Universitario Orientale. Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici. Series Maior)

Plaeschke H. - Plaeschke I.: Indische Felsentempel und Höhlenklöster. Ajantâ und Elûrâ. Leipzig 1982

Soundara Rajan K. V.: Cave temples of the Deccan. New Delhi 1981 (=Archaeological Survey of India. Architectural Survey of Temples, no. 3)


zum Anfang

IV) Buddhistische Ikonographie (Figuren, Erzählbild, Symbole)

a) Übersichten/mehrere Figuren

Bhattacharyya B.: The Indian Buddhist iconography. Mainly based on the Sâdhanamâlâ and cognate Tântric texts of rituals. Calcutta 1968

Gaulier S. - Jera-Bezard R. - Maillard M.: Buddhism in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Part 1-2. Leiden 1976 (=Iconography of religions, XIII, 14)

Getty A.: The gods of Northern Buddhism. (Repr.; Orig.ausg. 2. Aufl. 1928). Vermont, Tokyo 1962

Grönbold G.: Die Mythologie des indischen Buddhismus. In: Götter und Mythen des indischen Subkontinents (...) Hrsg. v. H. W. Haussig. (=Wörterbuch der Mythologie, Bd. V). Stuttgart 1984, pp. 285-507

Gupte R. S.: Iconography of the Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. Bombay 1972

Gupte R. S.: The iconography of the Buddhist sculptures (caves) of Ellora. Aurangabad 1964

Sahai B.: Iconography of minor Hindu and Buddhist deities. New Delhi 1975

Taddei M.: Non-Buddhist deities in Gandharan art - some new evidence. In: Investigating Indian art. Proceedings of a symposium on the development of early Buddhist and Hindu iconography held at the Museum of Indian Art Berlin in may 1986. (=Veröff. d. Museums f. Indische Kunst Berlin, 8). Berlin 1987, pp. 349-362

b) Einzelfiguren

Avalokiteshvara

Divakaran O.: Avalokitesvara - from the North-West to the Western Caves. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 39, 1989, pp. 145-178

Mallmann M.-T. de: (Mallmann M.-Th. de): Introduction à l'étude d'Avalokiteçvara. Paris 1967 (=Annales du Musée Guimet. Bibliothèque d'études, t. 57)

Buddha

Carter M. L.: A Gandharan bronze Buddha statuette: Its place in the evolution of the Buddha image in Gandhara. In: A pot-pourri of Indian art. Edited by P. Pal. Bombay 1988, pp. 21-38

Carter M. L.: The mystery of the Udayana Buddha. Napoli 1990 (=Istituto Universitario Orientale. Supplemento agli Annali, no. 64 (agli Annali, vol. 50, 1990, fasc. 3))

Cribb J.: The origin of the Buddha image - the numismatic evidence. In: South Asian Archaeology 1981. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of the Association of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe. Held in Cambridge University 5-10 July 1981. Ed. by B. Allchin. Cambridge 1984, pp. 231-244

Dobbins K. W.: Gandhâran Buddha images with inscribed dates. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 18, no. 3-4, 1968, pp. 281-288

Göbl R.: Die Buddha-Darstellungen in der Münzprägung der Kushan. In: Orientalia Iosephi Tucci memoriae dicata. Ed. cur. G. Gnoli, L. Lanciotti. (=IsMEO, Serie Orientale Roma, LVI:1-3). Roma, vol. 2, 1987, pp. 535-538

Härtel H.: The concept of the Kapardin Buddha type of Mathura. In: South Asian Archaeology 1983. Ed. by J. Schotsmans and M. Taddei. (=Istituto Universitario Orientale. Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici. Series Minor, 23). Naples 1985, pp. 653-678

Huntington J. C.: The origin of the Buddha image: early image traditions and the concept of Buddhadar-Sanapunyâ. In: Narain A. K. (ed.): Studies in Buddhist art of South Asia. New Delhi 1985

Lohuizen-de Leeuw J. E. van: New evidence with regard to the origin of the Buddha image. In: South Asian Archaeology 1979. Ed. by H. Härtel. Berlin 1981, pp. 377-400

Pal P. (ed.): The light of Asia. Buddha Sakyamuni in Asian art. (Ausstellungskat., Los Angeles County Museum of Art). Los Angeles 1984

Pal P.: A pre-Kushan Buddha image from Mathura. In: A pot-pourri of Indian art. Edited by P. Pal. Bombay 1988, pp. 1-20

Plaeschke H.: Zur Stilentwicklung und Verwendung des Buddhabildes in der Gandhâraschule. In: Wiss. Zeitschr. d. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Ges.-Sprachw. R. (Halle/Saale), X/1, 1961, pp. 139-156

Rhie M. M.: Some aspects of the relation of 5th-century Chinese Buddha images with sculpture from N.India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 26, no. 3-4, 1976, pp. 439-461

Rowland B.: The evolution of the Buddha image. (Ausstellungskatalog). New York 1963

Schroeder U. v.: Buddhist sculptures of Sri Lanka. Hong Kong 1990

Snellgrove D. L. (ed.): The image of the Buddha. London 1978

Taddei M.: Appunti sull'iconografia di alcune manifestazioni luminose dei Buddha. In: Gururâjama jarikâ. Studi in onore di Giuseppe Tucci. Napoli, vol. II, 1974, pp. 435-449

Taddei M.: A flaming Buddha and his devotees from far-away countries. In: Bautze-Picron C. (ed.): Makaranda. Essays in honour of Dr. J. C. Harle. Delhi 1990, pp. 43-50

Tanabe K.: Iranian origin of the Gandharan Buddha and Bodhisattva images. In: Bulletin of the Ancient Orient Museum (Tokyo), vol. VI, 1984, pp. 1-27 (Separatum)

Uhlig H. (ed.): Das Bild des Buddha (Ausstellungskatalog, Kunstamt Berlin-Tempelhof). Red.: H. Uhlig. Berlin 1979

Waldschmidt E.: Die Entwicklungsgeschichte des Buddhabildes in Indien (OZ N.F. 6, 1930, S. 265-277). In: Waldschmidt E.: Von Ceylon bis Turfan. Schriften zur Geschichte, Literatur, Religion und Kunst des indischen Kulturraumes. Festgabe zum 70. Geburtstag am 15. Juli 1967. Göttingen 1967, pp. 34-46

Hariti

Dobbins K. W.: A note on the Hâritî image from Skârah heri, year 399. In: East and West, vol. 17, no. 3-4, 1967, pp. 268-272

Herakles

Fischer K.: Icons of Heracles and Alexander in the Eastern part of the latter's empire. In: India and the ancient world. Ed.: G. Pollet. Leuven 1987 (=Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta, 25), pp. 59-65

Fischer K.: (siva-Buddha-Herakles-Stein von Saozma Kala). In: Archäologischer Anzeiger, 1957, pp. 416-436

Raducha J. A.: Exploring the syncretic nature of Buddhist art in light of new discoveries in North Pakistan. In: Journal of Central Asia, vol. VIII, no. 2, 1985, pp. 159-177

Maitreya

Huntington J. C.: The iconography and iconology of Maitreya images in Gandhara. In: Journal of Central Asia, vol. VII, no. 1, 1984, pp. 133-178

Manjushri

Quagliotti A. M.: Ma jusrî in Gandharan art. A new interpretation of a relief in the Victoria and Albert Museum. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 40, 1990, pp. 99-113

Mara

Malandra G. H.: Mâra's army: text and image in early Indian art. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 31, 1981, pp. 121-130

Naga

Härtel H.: Aspects of early Nâga cult in India. In: Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, october, 1976, pp. 663-683

Shashthi

Agrawala R. C.: Sasthî in Gandharan art. In: East and West, 43, 1993, pp. 271-275

Shiva

Cribb J.: Shiva images on Kushan and Kushano-Sasanian coins. In: Studies in Silk Road coins and culture. Papers in honour of Ikuo Hirayama on his 65th birthday. Ed. by K. Tanabe, J. Cribb, H. Wang. (=Silk Road art and archaeology, special vol.). Kamakura 1997, pp. 11-66

Härtel H.: A Siva relief from Gandhara. In: South Asian Archaeology 1985. Ed. by K. Frifelt and P. Sørensen. (=Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies, Occasional Papers, 4). London, Riverdale 1989, pp. 392-396

Lo Muzio C.: OHPO: A sovereign god. In: Silk Road Art and Archaeology (Kamakura), 4, 1995/1996, pp. 161-174

Sherrier J.: Siva in Gandhara. In: South Asian Archaeology 1991. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference of the Association of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe, held in Berlin 1-5 July 1991. Ed. by A. J. Gail and G. J. R. Mevissen. Stuttgart 1993, pp. 617-624

Taddei M.: A new early Saiva image from Gandhara. In: South Asian Archaeology 1983. Ed. by J. Schotsmans and M. Taddei. (=Istituto Universitario Orientale. Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici. Series Minor, 23). Naples 1985, pp. 615-628

Zeymal E. V.: Visha-Shiva in the Kushan pantheon. In: Gandharan art in context. East-West exchanges at the crossroads of Asia. Ed. R. Allchin, B. Allchin, N. Kreitman, E. Errington. New Delhi 1997, pp. 245-266

Shri

Fussman G.: Une statuette gandharienne de la déesse srî. In: Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale (Napoli), vol. 48, 1988, pp. 1-9

Vaishravana

Tanabe K.: Neither Mâra nor Indra but Vaisravana in scenes of the Great Departure of prince siddhârta - The origins of the Tobatsubishamonten image. In: Silk Road Art and Archaeology (Kamakura), 3 (1993/1994), 1993, pp. 157-185

Vajrapani

Bhattacharya G.: The Buddhist deity Vajrapâni. In: Silk Road Art and Archaeology (Kamakura), 4, 1995/1996, pp. 323-354

Flood F. B.: Herakles and the 'perpetual acolyte' of the Buddha: Some observations on the iconography of Vajrapani in Gandharan art. In: South Asian Studies (London), vol. 5, 1989, pp. 17-27

Santoro A.: Il Vajrapâni nell'arte del Gandhâra: Ricerca iconografica ed interpretativa. In: Rivista degli Studi Orientali, 53, 1979, pp. 293-341

Vishvakarman

Tanabe K.: Vishvakarman in Gandharan art. Another anthropomorphic image of the god identified. In: Silk Road Art and Archaeology (Kamakura), 4, 1995/1996, pp. 175-200

c) Erzählbilder

1. Allgemeines u. Versch.

Barrett D.: Sculptures from Amaravati in the British Museum. London 1954

Coomaraswamy A. K.: La sculpture de Bharhut. Paris 1956 (=Annales du Musée Guimet. Bibliothèque d'art. Nouvelle série, 6)

Coomaraswamy A. K.: La sculpture de Bodhgayâ. Paris 1935 (=Ars Asiatica, XVIII)

Dehejia V.: On modes of visual narration in early Buddhist art. In: Art Bulletin, vol. 72, no. 3, 1990, pp. 374-392

Schlingloff D.: Traditions of Indian narrative painting in Central Asia. In: Aksayanîvî. Essays presented to Dr. Debala Mitra in admiration of her scholarly contributions. Ed.: G. Bhattacharya. (=Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica, 88). Delhi 1991, pp. 163-169

Schlingloff D.: Erzählung und Bild. Die Darstellungsformen von Handlungsabläufen in der europäischen und indischen Kunst. In: Beiträge zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archäologie (München), Bd. 3, 1981, pp. 87-213

Taddei M.: Arte narrative tra India e mondo ellenistico. Roma 1993 (=Conferenze IsMEO, 5)

2. Buddhavita

Brancaccio P.: The Buddha and the naked ascetics in Gandharan art. A new interpretation. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 41, 1991, pp. 121-131

Brancaccio P.: More on the Buddha and the naked ascetics in Gandharan art. In: East and West, vol. 44, 1994, pp. 447-452

Brown R. L.: The srâvastî miracles in the art of India and Dvâravatî. In: Archives of Asian Art, 37, 1984, pp. 79-95

Cummings M.: The lives of the Buddha in the art and literature of Asia. Ann Arbor 1982 (=Michigan Papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 20)

Dye J. M.: Two fragmentary Gandhâran narrative reliefs in the Peshawar Museum: A study of Gandhâran representations of the Four Encounters. In: Artibus Asiae (Ascona), vol. XXXVIII, 1976, pp. 219-245

Eastman A. C.: The Buddha's victory over the serpent. A Gandhâran version in the Brooklyn Museum. In: Ostasiatische Zeitschrift, 20, NF 10, H. 6, 1934, pp. 228-235

Ebert J.: Parinirvâna. Untersuchungen zur ikonographischen Entwicklung von den indischen Anfängen bis nach China. Stuttgart 1985

Faccenna D.: Note gandariche - 2. Sulla ricostruzione di un grande rilievo da Butkara I raffigurante la partenza di Siddhârta da Kapilavastu. In: Orientalia Iosephi Tucci memoriae dicata. Ed. cur. G. Gnoli, L. Lanciotti. (=IsMEO, Serie Orientale Roma, LVI:1-3). Roma, vol. 1, 1985, pp. 325-341

Fischer K.: Zu erzählenden Gandhâra-Reliefs. In: Allgemeine und vergleichende Archäologie. Beiträge, Bd. 2, 1980, pp. 229-295

Fischer K.: Why has a Gandharan sculptor depicted the Nagaradevatâ semi-nude in the Abhiniskramana scene? In: Investigating Indian art. Proceedings of a symposium on the development of early Buddhist and Hindu iconography held at the Museum of Indian Art Berlin in may 1986. (=Veröff. d. Museums f. Indische Kunst Berlin, 8). Berlin 1987, pp. 61-65

Fischer K.: A relief from Swat: The transportation of the Buddha's relics by riders in frontal view. In: Journal of Central Asia, vol. VIII, no. 1, 1985, pp. 123-128

Gail A. J.: The four principal events in the life of the Buddha. New light on the Freer panels. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 42, no. 2-4, 1992, pp. 467-472

Jettmar K.: (Jettmar K): Zur 'Beweinungsszene' aus Pendzhikent. 1. Die Verbrennung der Leiche Buddhas als Kompositionsvorbild? In: Central Asiatic Journal (The Hague, Wiesbaden), vol. VI, 1961, pp. 262-267

Krom N. J.: The life of Buddha on the stûpa of Barabudur according to the Lalitavistara-text. The Hague 1926

Kurita I.: Gandhâran art. I. The Buddha's life story.Tokyo 1988

Leoshko J.: Scenes of the Buddha's life in Pâla-period art. In: Silk Road Art and Archaeology (Kamakura), 3 (1993/1994), 1993, pp. 251-267

Malandra G. H.: Mâra's army: text and image in early Indian art. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 31, 1981, pp. 121-130

Parimoo R.: Life of Buddha in Indian sculpture. (Ashta-Maha-Pratiharya). An iconological analysis. New Delhi 1982

Quagliotti A. M.: A relief in the British Museum: 'Oblique' representation of the cakra combined with the knees of the Buddha and related problems. In: Silk Road Art and Archaeology (Kamakura), 4, 1995/1996, pp. 201-216

Quagliotti A. M.: The Buddha, the solar disk and the cosmic tree. A relief in the Victoria and Albert Museum. In: Silk Road Art and Archaeology (Kamakura), 2 (1991/1992), 1991, pp. 73-105

Santoro A.: Note di iconografia gandharica. I. La storia del Buddha e del bue: Identificazione di due bassorilievi gandharici. In: Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale (Napoli), vol. 46, 1986, pp. 35-62

Santoro A.: Note di iconografia gandharica. III. A proposito della conversione di Âtavika. In: Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale (Napoli), vol. 48, fasc. 3, 1988, pp. 219-242

Santoro A.: Note di iconografia gandharica. IV. La storia del Buddha e del bue: un caso particolare del rapporto fra tradizione scritta e tradizione figurativa. In: Indo-Sino-Tibetica. Studi in onore di L. Petech. A cura di P. Daffinà. Roma 1990, pp. 317-332

Santoro A.: Una raffigurazione inedita degli addii di Chandaka e Kanthaka (arte del Gandhâra). In: Rivista degli Studi Orientali, 54, 1980, pp. 319-325

Schlingloff D.: Die Meditation unter dem Jambu-Baum. In: Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens, XXXI, 1987, pp. 111-130

Schlingloff D.: Ein Zyklus des Buddhalebens in Ajanta. In: Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens, Bd. XXVII, 1983, pp. 113-148

Schlingloff D.: Yamakaprâtihârya und Buddhapindî in der altbuddhistischen Kunst. In: Berliner Indologische Studien (Reinbek) 1991, pp. 109-136

Schlingloff D.: Die wunderbare Überquerung der Gangâ. Zur Text- und Bildtradition einer buddhistischen Legende. In: Festschrift Klaus Bruhn, zur Vollendung des 65. Lebensjahres dargebracht (...). Hrsg. v. N. Balbir u. J. K. Bautze. Reinbek 1994, pp. 571-584

Sehrai F.: The Buddha story in the Peshawar Museum. Peshawar 1985

Taddei M.: The Dîpamkara-jâtaka and Siddhârta's meeting with Râhula. How are they linked to the Flaming Buddha? In: Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale (Napoli), vol. 52, fasc. 1, 1992, pp. 103-107

Taddei M.: A flaming Buddha and his devotees from far-away countries. In: Bautze-Picron C. (ed.): Makaranda. Essays in honour of Dr. J. C. Harle. Delhi 1990, pp. 43-50

Tanabe K.: The goddess of night in the Gandhâran Great Departure scene of Siddhârta. In: Silk Road Art and Archaeology (Kamakura), 5, 1997/98, pp. 213-232

Waldschmidt E.: Wundertätige Mönche in der ostturkestanischen Hînayâna-Kunst (OZ N.F. 6, 1930, S. 3-9). In: Waldschmidt E.: Von Ceylon bis Turfan. Schriften zur Geschichte, Literatur, Religion und Kunst des indischen Kulturraumes. Festgabe zum 70. Geburtstag am 15. Juli 1967. Göttingen 1967, pp. 27-33

Williams J.: Sârnâth Gupta steles of the Buddha's life. In: Ars Orientalis /vol. 10, 1975, pp. 171-192

3. Jatakas und Avadanas

Lohuizen-de Leeuw J. E. van: The representation of the story of Vîryabala in Indo-Asian art and some implications based on their style. In: Journal of Central Asia, vol. VIII, no. 1, 1985, pp. 129-138

Luce G. H.: The 550 Jâtakas in old Burma. In: Artibus Asiae (Ascona), vol. XIX, 1956, pp. 291-307

Luce G. H.: Old Burma - early Pagán. Vol. 1-3. Locust Valley, New York 1969

Meech-Pekarik J.: The flying white horse: Transmission of the Valâhassa Jâtaka imagery from India to Japan. In: Artibus Asiae (Ascona), vol. XLIII, 1981, pp. 111-128

Nagar Sh. L.: Jatakas in Indian art. Delhi 1993

Parimoo R.: Vidhura Pandita Jâtaka - from Barhut to Ajanta. A study of narrative, semiological and stylistic aspects. In: Bhattachara G. (ed.): Aksayanîvî. Essays presented to Dr. Debala Mitra. Delhi 1991, pp. 177-189

Santoro A.: On the so-called Puppharatta-Jâtaka. Kizil, Schatzhöhle B. In: Silk Road Art and Archaeology (Kamakura), 4, 1995/1996, pp. 217-232

Schlingloff D.: Das syâma-Jâtaka: Schultradition und Bildüberlieferung einer buddhistischen Legende. In: Zur Schulzugehörigkeit von Werken der Hînayâna-Literatur. 1. Teil. Hrsg. v. H. Bechert. (=Symposien zur Buddhismusforschung, III; = Abhandl. d. Akad. d. Wiss. in Göttingen, Phil.-Hist. Kl., 3. Folge, Nr. 149). Göttingen 1985, pp. 203-218

Schlingloff D.: Zwei Anatiden-Geschichten im alten Indien. In: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 127, 1977, pp. 369-397

Taddei M.: The Dîpamkara-jâtaka and Siddhârta's meeting with Râhula. How are they linked to the Flaming Buddha? In: Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale (Napoli), vol. 52, fasc. 1, 1992, pp. 103-107

Thewalt V.: Jataka-Darstellungen bei Chilas und Shatial am Indus. In: Ethnologie und Geschichte. Festschrift für Karl Jettmar. Hrsg. v. P. Snoy. (=Beiträge zur Südasien-Forschung, 86). Wiesbaden 1983, pp. 622-635

Thewalt V.: Rockcarvings and inscriptions along the Indus. The Buddhist tradition. In: South Asian Archaeology 1983. Ed. by J. Schotsmans and M. Taddei. (=Istituto Universitario Orientale. Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici. Series Minor, 23). Naples 1985, pp. 779-800

Waldschmidt E.: Zur sronakotikarna-Legende (NGAW 1952, S. 129-151). In: Waldschmidt E.: Von Ceylon bis Turfan. Schriften zur Geschichte, Literatur, Religion und Kunst des indischen Kulturraumes. Festgabe zum 70. Geburtstag am 15. Juli 1967. Göttingen 1967, pp. 203-225

d) Symbole und Gesten

1. Allgemein

Kirfel W.: Symbolik des Buddhismus. Stuttgart 1959

MacDowall D. W.: The development of Buddhist symbolism on the coinages of the North West. In: Investigating Indian art. Proceedings of a symposium on the development of early Buddhist and Hindu iconography held at the Museum of Indian Art Berlin in may 1986. (=Veröff. d. Museums f. Indische Kunst Berlin, 8). Berlin 1987, pp. 179-190

Schlingloff D.: Die Bedeutung der Symbole in der altbuddhistischen Kunst. In: Hinduismus und Buddhismus. Festschrift für Ulrich Schneider. Hrsg. v. H. Falk. Freiburg 1987, pp. 309-328

Seckel D.: Jenseits des Bildes. Anikonische Symbolik in der buddhistischen Kunst. Heidelberg 1976 (=Abh. d. Heidelberger Akad. d. Wiss., Philos.-hist. Kl., Jg. 1976, 2. Abh.)

2. Einzelsymbole

Cakra

Agrawala V. S.: The wheel flag of India. Chakra-Dhvaja (Being a history and exposition of the meaning of the Dharma-Chakra and the Sârnath lion capital). Varanasi 1964

Rhys Davids C. A. F.: Zur Geschichte des Rad-Symbols. In: Eranos-Jahrbuch, 1934, pp. 153-178

mudras/Gesten/Haltungen

Joshi M. C.: Dharma-chakra pravartana mudra in Gandhara art. In: Pakistan Archaeology, no. 26, 1991, pp. 71-76

Quagliotti A. M.: Mahâkâunika (part I). In: Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale (Napoli), vol. 49, 1989, pp. 337- 370

Saunders E. D.: Mudra. A study of symbolic gesture in Japanese Buddhist sculpture. New York 1960 (=Bollingen Series, 58)

Urna

Tanabe K.: The Iranian origin of the Buddhist urna. In: Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran. Neue Folge (Berlin), 20, 1989, pp. 251-259

Ushnisha

Krishan Y.: The hair on the Buddha's head and Usnîsa. In: East and West /vol. 16, no. 3-4, 1966, pp. 275-289

Waddell L. A.: Buddha's diadem or 'usnîsa': its origin, nature and functions. A study of Buddhist origins. In: Ostasiatische Zeitschrift, 3. Jg. H. 2, 1914, pp. 131-168

Feueraltar

Verardi G.: The Buddha's Dhûnî. In: Investigating Indian art. Proceedings of a symposium on the development of early Buddhist and Hindu iconography held at the Museum of Indian Art Berlin in may 1986. (=Veröff. d. Museums f. Indische Kunst Berlin, 8). Berlin 1987, pp. 369-383

Shrivatsa

Srivastava A. L.: The srîvatsa symbol in Indian art. In: East and West, vol. 29, 1979, pp. 37-60

Füße

Grünwedel A.: Die Fußstapfen Buddhas. In: Verhandl. d. Berliner Gesellsch. f. Anthropol., Ethnol. u. Urgesch., Jg. 1883, pp. 227-231

Wirz P.: Buddhas Füße und Fußabdrücke. In: Jahrbuch d. Bernischen histor. Museums, 27. Jg., 1948, pp. 59-66

Vajra

Das Gupta T. K.: Der vajra, eine vedische Waffe. Wiesbaden 1975 (=Alt- und Neu-Indische Studien, 16)

Devendra D. T.: A note on lightning iconography with special reference to the vajra. In: Paranavitana Felicitation Volume. 1965, pp. 123-134

Thron

Auboyer J.: Le trône et son symbolisme dans l'Inde ancienne. Paris 1949 (=Annales du Musée Guimet. Bibliothèque d'études, t. 55)

Baum

Viennot O.: Le culte de l'arbre dans l'Inde ancienne. Textes et monuments brâhmaniques et bouddhiques. Paris 1954 (=Annales du Musée Guimet. Bibliothèque d'études, t. 59)

e) Ikonographie/Versch.

Agrawala R. C.: An interesting relief from the Swat valley. I. In: East and West, vol. 16, no. 1-2, 1966, pp. 82-83

Carter M. L.: Petroglyphs at Chilas II: Evidence for a pre-iconic phase of Buddhist art in Gandhara. In: South Asian Archaeology 1991. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference of the Association of South Asian Archaeologists in Western Europe, held in Berlin 1-5 July 1991. Ed. by A. J. Gail and G. J. R. Mevissen. Stuttgart 1993, pp. 349-366

Carter M. L.: Dionysiac fesitvals and Gandhâran imagery. In: Res Orientales IV. Banquets d'Orient. Leuven s.a., pp. 51-60

Carter M. L.: Dionysiac aspects of Kushân art. In: Ars Orientalis, vol. 7, 1968, pp. 121-146

Faccenna D.: Note on a decorative motif appearing on a blanket in a Gandharan art relief. In: Journal of Central Asia, vol. XVIII, no. 2, 1995, pp. 1-15

Fischer K.: Why has a Gandharan sculptor depicted the Nagaradevatâ semi-nude in the Abhiniskramana scene? In: Investigating Indian art. Proceedings of a symposium on the development of early Buddhist and Hindu iconography held at the Museum of Indian Art Berlin in may 1986. (=Veröff. d. Museums f. Indische Kunst Berlin, 8). Berlin 1987, pp. 61-65

Fischer K.: How were love scenes on Gandharan Stupas understood by contemporary worshippers? In: South Asian Archaeology 1983. Ed. by J. Schotsmans and M. Taddei. (=Istituto Universitario Orientale. Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici. Series Minor, 23). Naples 1985, pp. 629-639

Fischer K.: Eine Reitergruppe in Vorderansicht aus Swât nach dem Vorbild von Quadriga-Darstellungen. In: Orientalia Iosephi Tucci memoriae dicata. Ed. cur. G. Gnoli, L. Lanciotti. (=IsMEO, Serie Orientale Roma, LVI:1-3). Roma, vol. 1, 1985, pp. 355-370

Haesner Ch.: Paradise scenes in Central Asian art: Autochthonous or modelled after Gandhâra art? In: Coins, art and chronology. Essays on the pre-Islamic history of the Indo-Iranian borderlands. Ed. by M. Alram and D. E. Klimburg-Salter. (=Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., Phil.-hist. Kl., Denkschr., 280. =Veröff. d. Numismat. Kommission, Bd. 33). Wien 1999, pp. 423-452

Khan N. A.: A new relief from Gandhâra depicting the Trojan horse. In: East and West (Rome), vol. 40, 1990, pp. 315-319

Mitterwallner G. v.: The Brussels Buddha from Gandhara of the year 5. In: Investigating Indian art. Proceedings of a symposium on the development of early Buddhist and Hindu iconography held at the Museum of Indian Art Berlin in may 1986. (=Veröff. d. Museums f. Indische Kunst Berlin, 8). Berlin 1987, pp. 213-247

Plaeschke H. - Plaeschke I.: Der Schachbrettfries in der Gandhâra-Schule und in Indien. In: Wiss. Zeitschr. d. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Ges.-Sprachw. R. (Halle/Saale), XXXIX, H. 3, 1990, pp. 87-102

Quagliotti A. M.: 'Pensive' Bodhisattvas on 'narrative' Gandharan reliefs. A note on a recent study and related problems. In: East and West, vol. 46, no. 1-2, 1996, pp. 97-115

Taddei M.: On a hellenistic model used in some Gandharan reliefs in Swat. In: East and West, vol. 15, no. 3-4, 1965, pp. 174- 178

Taddei M.: An interesting relief from the Swat valley. II. In: East and West /vol. 16, no. 1-2, 1966, pp. 84-88

Tissot F.: The problem of a stylistic vocabulary for Gandhara art. In: Investigating Indian art. Proceedings of a symposium on the development of early Buddhist and Hindu iconography held at the Museum of Indian Art Berlin in may 1986. (=Veröff. d. Museums f. Indische Kunst Berlin, 8). Berlin 1987, pp. 363-368

Tissot F.: Jewellery in Gandhâran art: images and reality. In: Coins, art and chronology. Essays on the pre-Islamic history of the Indo-Iranian borderlands. Ed. by M. Alram and D. E. Klimburg-Salter. (=Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., Phil.-hist. Kl., Denkschr., 280. =Veröff. d. Numismat. Kommission, Bd. 33). Wien 1999, pp. 399-412

Verardi G.: The Buddha's Dhûnî. In: Investigating Indian art. Proceedings of a symposium on the development of early Buddhist and Hindu iconography held at the Museum of Indian Art Berlin in may 1986. (=Veröff. d. Museums f. Indische Kunst Berlin, 8). Berlin 1987, pp. 369-383

Verardi G.: Tematiche indiane di alcune iconografie gandhariche. Il Buddha, Agni, i Laksana, il miracolo di srâvastî e altri problemi connessi. In: Orientalia Iosephi Tucci memoriae dicata. Ed. cur. G. Gnoli, L. Lanciotti. (=IsMEO, Serie Orientale Roma, LVI:1-3). Roma, vol. 3, 1988, pp. 1533-1549


zum Anfang

V) Buddha und der Buddhismus

a) Der Buddha

Bechert H.: The date of the Buddha reconsidered. In: Indologica Taurinensia, vol. X, 1982, pp. 29-36

Bechert H. (ed.): The dating of the historical Buddha. Die Datierung des historischen Buddha. Pt.1-2. Göttingen 1991-1992 (=Symposium zur Buddhismusforschung, IV, 1-2. = Abh. d. Akad. d. Wiss. in Göttingen, Philol.-hist. Kl., 3. Folge, 194)

Klimkeit H.-J.: Der Buddha. Leben und Lehre. Stuttgart, Berlin, Köln 1990 (=Urban-Taschenbücher, 438)

Oldenberg H.: Buddha. Sein Leben, seine Lehre, seine Gemeinde. (4. Aufl.). Stuttgart, Berlin 1903. (13. Aufl. Stuttgart 1959)

Percheron M.: Buddha. (99.-102.Tausend, Orig.ausg. 1958). Hamburg 1988 (=rororo bildmonographien)

Schumann H. W.: Auf den Spuren des Buddha Gotama. Eine Pilgerfahrt zu den historischen Stätten. Olten 1992

Schumann H. W.: Der historische Buddha. Leben und Lehre des Gotama. (4. Aufl. d. Neuausgabe; Orig.ausg. München 1982). München 1995 (=Diederichs gelbe Reihe, Bd. 73)

Waldschmidt E.: Die Legende vom Leben des Buddha. In Auszügen aus den heiligen Texten. Aus dem Sanskrit, Pali und Chinesischen übers. u. eingeführt v. E. Waldschmidt. (Orig.ausg. Berlin 1929, vermehrter u. verbess. Nachdruck Graz 1981). Hamburg 1991

Zotz V.: Buddha. Reinbek b. Hamburg 1991 (=rororo bildmonographien)

b) Buddhismus

Bareau A. (u.a.): Die Religionen Indiens. III. Buddhismus (von A. Bareau) - Jinismus (von W. Schubring) - Primitivvölker (von C. v. Fürer-Haimendorf). Stuttgart 1964 (=Die Religionen der Menschheit, Bd. 13)

Bechert H.: Buddhismus, Staat und Gesellschaft in den Ländern des Theravâda-Buddhismus. 1. Bd. Grundlagen. Ceylon; 2. Bd. Birma, Kambodscha, Laos, Thailand; 3. Bd. Bibliographie, Dokumente, Index. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin (1), Wiesbaden (2-3) 1966 (1), 1967 (2), 1973 (3) (=Schriften des Instituts für Asienkunde in Hamburg, Bd. XVII/1-3)

Bechert H. - Gombrich R. (ed.): Der Buddhismus. Geschichte und Gegenwart. Hrsg. v. H. Bechert u. R. Gombrich. (Orig.ausg. London 1984, 2. unveränd. Aufl. d. Neuausgabe 1989). München 1995

Beckh H.: Buddhismus (Buddha und seine Lehre). I (2. Aufl.). II. Berlin, Leipzig 1919, 1916 (=Sammlung Göschen, 174, 770)

Conze E.: Eine kurze Geschichte des Buddhismus. Übersetzt, herausgegeben und mit einem Nachwort versehen von F. Wilhelm. Frankfurt a.M. 1986 (=suhrkamp taschenbuch, 1297)

Conze E. (ed.): Im Zeichen Buddhas. Buddhistische Texte. Hrsg. u. eingeleitet v. E. Conze. Frankfurt a.M., Hamburg 1957 (=Fischer Bücherei, 144)

Conze E.: Der Buddhismus. Wesen und Entwicklung (3. Aufl.). Stuttgart 1962 (=Urban-Bücher, Bd. 5)

Litvinskij B. A.: (Litvinsky B. A.): Outline history of Buddhism in Central Asia. Moscow 1968

Salomon R.: Ancient Buddhist scrolls from Gandhâra. The British Library kharosthî fragments. With contributions by R. Allchin and M. Barnard. London 1999

Schlingloff D.: König Asoka und das Wesen des älteren Buddhismus. In: Saeculum (München), XXXVI, H. 4, 1985, pp. 326-333

Schlingloff D.: Die Religion des Buddhismus. I. Der Heilsweg des Mönchtums; II. der Heilsweg für die Welt. Berlin 1962 (I), 1963 (II) (=Sammlung Göschen, Bd. 174 u. 770)

Schumann H. W.: Buddhismus. Stifter, Schulen und Systeme. (4., überarb. Aufl., Orig.ausg. Olten 1976). München 1997 (=Diederichs gelbe Reihe, Bd. 99)

Zwalf W. (ed.): Buddhism. Art and faith. Edited by W. Zwalf (Ausstellungskatalog, British Museum). London 1985


zum Anfang

VI) Historisches

a) Allgemeines (inkl. Numismatik)

Alram M.: Indo-Parthian and early Kushan chronology: the numismatic evidence. In: Coins, art and chronology. Essays on the pre-Islamic history of the Indo-Iranian borderlands. Ed. by M. Alram and D. E. Klimburg-Salter. (=Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., Phil.-hist. Kl., Denkschr., 280. =Veröff. d. Numismat. Kommission, Bd. 33). Wien 1999, pp. 19-48

Basham A. L. (ed.): Papers on the date of Kaniska - submittted to the conference on the date of Kaniska, London, 20-22 April, 1960. Ed. by A. L. Basham. Leiden 1968 (=Australian National University Centre of Oriental Studies. Oriental Monograph Series, 4)

Bivar A. D. H.: The absolute chronology of the Kushano-Sasanian governors in Central Asia. In: Prolegomena to the sources on the history of pre-Islamic Central Asia. Edited by J. Harmatta. (=Collection of the sources for the history of pre-Islamic Central Asia). Budapest 1979, pp. 317-332

Bivar A. D. H.: The history of Eastern Iran. In: The Cambridge history of Iran. Vol. 3. The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian periods. Ed. by E. Yarshater. (Repr., Orig.: 1983). London 1993, pp. 181-231

Bopearachchi O.: Les derniers souverains indo-grecs: une autre hypothèse. In: Histoire et cultes de l'Asie Centrale Préislamique. Sources écrites et documents archéologiques. Actes du Colloque international du CNRS, ed. P. Bernard et F. Grenet. Paris 1991, pp. 235-242

Bopearachchi O.: The posthumous coinage of Hermaios and the conquest of Gandhara by the Kushans. In: Gandharan art in context. East-West exchanges at the crossroads of Asia. Ed. R. Allchin, B. Allchin, N. Kreitman, E. Errington. New Delhi 1997, pp. 189-213

Bopearachchi O.: Indo-Parthians. In: Das Partherreich und seine Zeugnisse. The Arsacid empire: sources and documentation. Beiträge des internationalen Colloquiums, Eutin (27.-30. Juni 1996). Hrsg. J. Wiesehöfer. Stuttgart 1998, pp. 389-406

Cribb J.: Numismatic evidence for Kushano-Sasanian chronology. In: Studia Iranica (Louvain), t. 19, 1990, pp. 151-193

Cribb J.: New discoveries in Kushan chronology. In: Circle of Inner Asian Art. Newsletter (London), ed. 3, July, 1996, pp. 1-3

Cribb J.: Numismatic perspectives on chronology in the crossroads of Asia. In: Gandharan art in context. East-West exchanges at the crossroads of Asia. Ed. R. Allchin, B. Allchin, N. Kreitman, E. Errington. New Delhi 1997, pp. 215-230

Cribb J.: The early Kushan kings: new evidence for chronology. Evidence from the Rabatak inscription of Kanishka I. In: Coins, art and chronology. Essays on the pre-Islamic history of the Indo-Iranian borderlands. Ed. by M. Alram and D. E. Klimburg-Salter. (=Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., Phil.-hist. Kl., Denkschr., 280. =Veröff. d. Numismat. Kommission, Bd. 33). Wien 1999, pp. 177-205

Dihle A.: Die entdeckungsgeschichtlichen Voraussetzungen des Indienhandels der römischen Kaiserzeit. In: Aufstieg u. Niedergang der römischen Welt. Geschichte u. Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung. II. Principat. 9. Bd. Politische Geschichte (Provinzen u.Randvölker: Mesopotamien, Armenien, Iran, Südarabien, Rom u.d. Ferne Osten). Berlin, New York, 2. Halbbd., 1978, pp. 546-580

Frye R. N.: The history of Iran. München 1984 (=Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft, 3. Abt., 7. Teil)

Fussman G.: Une étape décisive dans l'étude des monnaies kouchanes. In: Revue Numismatique, 6e série, XXVIII, 1986, pp. 145-173

Göbl R.: Dokumente zur Geschichte der iranischen Hunnen in Baktrien und Indien (Bd. I-IV). Wiesbaden 1967

Göbl R.: System und Chronologie der Münzprägung des Kushânreiches. Wien 1984 (= sterreichische Akad. d. Wiss., Phil.-hist. Kl., Veröff. d. Numismatischen Kommission, Sonderbd.)

Göbl R.: The Rabatak inscription and the date of Kanishka. In: Coins, art and chronology. Essays on the pre-Islamic history of the Indo-Iranian borderlands. Ed. by M. Alram and D. E. Klimburg-Salter. (=Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., Phil.-hist. Kl., Denkschr., 280. =Veröff. d. Numismat. Kommission, Bd. 33). Wien 1999, pp. 151-175

Hambly G. (ed.): Zentralasien. Hrsg. v. G. Hambly. Frankfurt/M. 1966 (=Fischer Weltgeschichte, Bd. 16)

Harmatta J. (ed.): History of civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. II. The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250. Editor: J. Harmatta. Paris 1994

Litvinskij B. A. (ed.): (Litvinsky B. A. (ed.)): History of civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. III. The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750. Editor: B. A. Litvinsky. Co-editors: Zhang Guang-da, R. Shabani Samghabadi. Paris 1996

MacDowall D. W.: Western impact on the coinage of the Great Kushans. In: Gandharan art in context. East-West exchanges at the crossroads of Asia. Ed. R. Allchin, B. Allchin, N. Kreitman, E. Errington. New Delhi 1997, pp. 231-243

Mukherjee B. N.: The rise and fall of the Kushâna empire. Calcutta 1988

Narain A. K.: The Indo-Greeks. Delhi (u.a.) 1980

Nikitin A.: Notes on the chronology of the Kushano-Sasanian kingdom. In: Coins, art and chronology. Essays on the pre-Islamic history of the Indo-Iranian borderlands. Ed. by M. Alram and D. E. Klimburg-Salter. (=Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., Phil.-hist. Kl., Denkschr., 280. =Veröff. d. Numismat. Kommission, Bd. 33). Wien 1999, pp. 259-263

Olbrycht M. J.: Parthia et ulteriores gentes. Die politischen Beziehungen zwischen dem arsakidischen Iran und den Nomaden der eurasischen Steppen. München 1998 (=Quellen und Forschungen zur Antiken Welt, Bd. 30)

Posch W.: Baktrien zwischen Griechen und Kuschan. Untersuchungen zu kulturellen und historischen Problemen einer Übergangsphase. Mit einem textkritischen Exkurs zum Shiji 123. Wiesbaden 1995

Puri B. N.: India under the Kushanas. Bombay 1965

Raschke M. G.: New studies in Roman commerce with the East. In: Aufstieg u. Niedergang der römischen Welt. Geschichte u. Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung. II. Principat. 9. Bd. Politische Geschichte (Provinzen u.Randvölker: Mesopotamien, Armenien, Iran, Südarabien, Rom u.d. Ferne Osten). Berlin, New York, 2. Halbbd., 1978, pp. 604-1378

Sastri K. A. N. (ed.): A comprehensive history of India. Vol. 2. The Mauryas & Satavahanas, 325 B.C. - A.D. 300 Edited by K. A. N. Sastri. Bombay, Calcutta, Madras 1957

Sims-Williams N. - Cribb J.: A new Bactrian inscription of Kanishka the Great. In: Silk Road Art and Archaeology (Kamakura), 4, 1995/1996, pp. 75-142

Sims-Williams N.: From the Kushan-Shahs to the Arabs. New Bactrian documents dated in the era of the Tochi inscriptions. In: Coins, art and chronology. Essays on the pre-Islamic history of the Indo-Iranian borderlands. Ed. by M. Alram and D. E. Klimburg-Salter. (=Österr. Akad. d. Wiss., Phil.-hist. Kl., Denkschr., 280. =Veröff. d. Numismat. Kommission, Bd. 33). Wien 1999, pp. 245-258

Staviskij B. Ja.: Kušanskaja Baktrija. Problemy istorii i kul'tury. Moskva 1977

Staviskij B. Ja.: La Bactriane sous les Kushans. Problèmes d'histoire et d'culture. Édition revue et augmentée. Paris 1986

Tarn W. W.: Alexander der Große. Erster und zweiter Band. Darmstadt 1968

Tarn W. W.: The Greeks in Bactria and India. 3rd updated edition with a preface and a new bibliography by F. L. Holt. Chicago 1985

Vogelsang W.: Some remarks on Eastern Iran in the Late-Achaemenid period. In: Achaemenid history. I. Sources, structures and synthesis. Proceedings of the Groningen 1983 Achaemenid history workshop. Ed. by H. Sancisi-Weerdenburg. Leiden 1983, pp. 183-189.

Vogelsang W.: Early historic Arachosia in South-East Afghanistan. Meeting-place between East and West. In: Iranica Antiqua, vol. XX, 1985, pp. 55-99

Wheeler M.: Flammen über Persepolis. Alexander der Große und Asien (Originalausg.: Flames over Persepolis, New York 1968). Berlin, Frankfurt/M., Wien 1969

b) Quellen zur historischen Topographie

Arrian - McCrindle J. W.: Ancient India as desribed by Megasthenês and Arrian; (...) by J. W. McCrindle (...) (Repr. (with adds.) from the 'Indian Antiquary', 1876-77). Revised 2nd ed. by R. C. Majumdar. Calcutta (Orig.-Ausg. 1877) 1960

Arrian - Wirth G. - Hinüber O. v.: Der Alexanderzug. Indische Geschichte. Griechisch und Deutsch von G. Wirth und O. v. Hinüber. (2 Bde.). Berlin 1985

Berthelot A.: L'Asie ancienne centrale et sud-orientale d'après Ptolémée. Paris 1930 (=Bibliothèque géographique)

Breloer B.: Alexanders Kampf gegen Poros. Ein Beitrag zur indischen Geschichte. Stuttgart 1933 (=Bonner orientalistische Studien, H. 3)

Curtius Rufus - Müller K. - Schönfeld H.: Q. Curtius Rufus: Geschichte Alexanders des Grossen. Lateinisch und Deutsch. (Text: K. Müller, Übers.: H. Schönfeld). München 1954 (=Tusculum-Bücherei)

Eggermont P. H. L.: Alexander's campaign in Gandhara. In: Orientalia Lovanensia Periodica, 1, 1970, pp. 63ff.

Faxian: (Fa-hsien): A record of the Buddhist countries (This English translation of Fa-hsien's Record of Buddhist Countries has been made by the San Shih Buddhist Institute, Peking, to commemorate the 2500th anniversary of Buddha's Nirvana). Peking 1957

Faxian - Giles H. A.: The travels of Fa-hsien (399-414 A.D.), or Record of the Buddhist Kingdoms. Re-translated by -- (Second impression). London (Orig.-Ausg. 1923) 1956

Hui-li: The life of Hsuan-Tsang the Tripitaka-master of the Great Tzu En Monastery. Compiled by monk Hui-li. (Translated under the auspices of the San Shih Buddhist Institute). Peking 1959

Majumdar R. C.: The classical accounts of India. Being a compilation of the English translations of the accounts left by Herodotus, Megasthenes, Arrian, Strabo, Quintus, Diodorus Siculus, Jusin, Plutarch, Frontinus, Nearchus, Apollonius, Pliny, Ptolemy, Aelian and others. Calcutta 1960

Ptolemaios - McCrindle J. W.: McCrindle's Ancient India as described by Ptolemy. A facsimile reprint ed. with an introd., notes and an additional map by S. Majumdar sâstrî. Calcutta 1927

Seibert J.: Die Eroberung des Perserreiches durch Alexander den Großen auf kartographischer Grundlage. Wiesbaden 1965 (=TAVO Beihefte, B, Nr. 68)

Xuanzang - Beal S.: Chinese accounts of India. Translated from the Chinese of Hiuen Tsiang. (4 Bde.) (2nd ed.). Calcutta 1957


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